Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), also known as Automatic Repeat Query, is a critical error-control protocol used in data communication to ensure reliable transmission over noisy or unreliable channels. It operates at the Transport Layer and …
In this lecture, we are going to learn about the pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits and their behavior in a very detailed manner. So let’s discuss them one by one. Also Read Pre Emphasis Pre Emphasis …
This lecture will teach about Delta Modulation in a communication system, why we use delta modulation, the working principle of delta modulation, the advantages and disadvantages of Delta Modulation, slope overload distortion, granular noise, and …
While designing the communication system, an engineer generally faces several constraints or limitations. So today we are going to discuss these fundamental Limitations of communication systems. Generally, These limitations are as per below: Fundamental Limitations …
In this lecture, we are going to learn about the definition of Acceptance angle, then we will derive the formula for Acceptance angle and numerical aperture. So let’s start with the Definition of the Acceptance …
In this article, we will explore the difference between TDM and FDM and understand their unique characteristics. In the world of telecommunications and data transmission, there are various techniques used to transmit information efficiently. Two …
In this lecture, we are going to learn about the Difference between Step Index Fiber and Graded Index Fiber. Before starting the difference between them, first, learn about optical fiber and various types of optical …
Since optical fiber cables provide faster data transmission rates than conventional copper cables, their use is growing. They are more dependable and resistant to electromagnetic interference, and because of their smaller form factor, they are …
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